擊劍常用術語中英對照表

1.通用術語

  1. 擊劍:  L’escrime.  Fencing
  2. 擊劍者: Tireur.  Fencer
  3. 劍種:  Armement.  Weapon
  4. 花劍: Flueret. Foil
  5. 重劍: Epée.  Epee
  6. 佩劍: Saber. Saber
  7. 裁判:L’arbitre.Judge, Referee
  8. 主裁判:president; director
  9. 檢察員:controller

2.規則術語

雙方就位:on trip
舉劍致敬:salute
敬禮:grand salute(比賽開始時);courbette(比賽結束時)
優先裁判權:right of away
劍尖威脅:point in line
擊劍時間:fencing time; tempsd’escrime
有效距離:reach
有效部位:target area [field]; (valid) target
接近有效部位:deep
有效面積:Valable. Target;
無效面積:Non-valable. Off target
擊[刺;劈]中:hit;touch
沒擊中:hit off the target
互中:mutual [double;simultaneous]touch; coup double
判擊中無效:annul
擊中得分:hit received [scored; on the target]
擊中無效:hit not valid; invalid touch
同時進攻:simultaneous action
可疑劍:doubtful hit
身體接觸:corps-?-corps; clinch
平分:match null
棄權:abandon; no opinion
退出比賽:abandon
故意衝撞:closing in
非故意犯規:unintentional foul
粗野動作:rough play
有意做粗野動作:willful brutality
危險動作:dangerous play
警告信號:warming signal
判罰一分:penalize one touch
罰分:penalty point
黃牌(警告僅對本場有效):Carton jaune.yellow card
紅牌(判罰一劍):Carton rouge.red card
黑牌(沒收比賽):Carton noir.black card
循環賽小組:pool
復賽:fence-off; barrage
決勝賽:additional match
決勝加時賽:prolongation
調換位置:reverse position
交換場地:change of place
檢查器械:control of weapons
預備!:En garde .En Garde.
準備好沒有?:Êtes-vous prêts (prêtes) .Ready?
開始!:Allez. Fence!; Fight; Go!; Play!
有!(指刺中、劈中):Touche. Hit!; Touch!; Yes!
沒有!:No touch!
無效部位!:Yes but not valid!
擊中部位過低!:Hit too low!
地上!(指劍刺地上):Ground!; Planche!
暫停!:Halte.Halt!
罰退一米:One meter!
罰退兩米:Two meters!
我棄權:I abstain!

3.劍術術語

擊劍:fence
劍術:fencing; swordplay; swords manship
鈍(花)劍劍術:foil fencing
銳(重)劍劍術:epee fencing
軍刀(佩劍)劍術:saber fencing
持劍手:sword hand
非持劍手:unarmed hand
非持劍手臂:back arm
握劍方法:grip
手心向上的握劍法:supination
手心向下的握劍法:pronation
手法:hand technique
手腕操縱:manipulation with the wrist
手指技術:finger play
手的位置:hand position
手指控制劍身:fingering; doigte
動作方式:manner of execution
觸劍動作:action on the blade
實戰接觸:on guard
劍身交叉[接觸]:contact of blades
交鋒:engagement
對抗:opposition
對抗劍[劈]:opposition [time] hit
纏繞劍:prise de fer; takings of the blade
變動[換]:transitions
連續交鋒過程:phrase(d’armes); sequence of play
時機感:sense of timing
擊劍距離:fencing distance
劍身位置:blade position
在距離之內:within distance
拉開距離:open the distance
擊打:beat; tap
直接擊打:direct beat
劍背擊打:back-edge beat
劃半圓擊打:half counterbeat
假擊打:false beat
交換交叉擊打;挂劍交叉:change beat
兩次交換交叉:double change
壓劍:press the sword
壓[掏]刺:bind (thrust); liement
壓滑劍:pressure glide
劃圓壓劍:double bind
擊劍線:line
開放的擊劍線:open line
關閉擊劍線:close the line
交叉線:line of engagement
破壞擊劍線:cut the line
引誘;挑引:invitation; invito; tempt; catch; challenge
假動作:feint; deceptive movement; deception
兩個假動作:double feints
複雜假動作:compound feint
反欺騙:counter-deception

4.進攻術語

進攻:offense ; attack
進攻者:attacker; assailant
進攻行動:offensive action
準備進攻行動:preparation
進攻路線:line of attack
第一意圖:first intention
第二意圖:second intention
延續進攻:remise; renewed attack
連續進攻:redoublement; renewed attack
持續進逼:march
近戰:close combat; infighting; fight at close quarters
曲臂進攻:bent arm attack
及時進攻:attack into tempo
不及時的進攻:delayed attack
直接進攻:direct attack
間接進攻:indirect attack
簡單進攻:simple attack
複雜進攻:compound [composite; composed] attack
重新進攻:reprise; renewed attack
超過還擊的重要進攻:appuntata
滑劍[轉移]進攻:glide; coule; filo
兩個節奏[速度]進攻:two-time attack
下蹲弓步搶攻:passato sotto
擊打進攻:attack with beat
決定性的一擊:coup de grace
假進攻:false attack; attack on second intent; countertime; second-intention attack
快步佯攻:appel
一個假動作的進攻:attack preceded by a feints
兩個假動作的進攻:attack preceded by two feints
上下轉移:disengagement; degagement; high-low
半圓轉移:half degagement
劃圓;重復轉移:double degagement; dedouble
劃圓[加倍]轉移:double; doubler-dedoubler
交換交叉:change; transport of blade; coupe; cutover
交叉轉移:cutover disengage
兩次轉移:one-two
三次轉移:one-two-three
重復轉移刺:counter-disengagement
刺:thrust
一般反攻刺:stop thrust
假直刺:feint direct [straight] thrust
平刺:plaque
滑劍還擊刺腰側:flanconnade; croise to flank
滑[戳]刺:glide thrust; pass; passe
直[沖]刺:running attack; waist thrust; fleche; balestra; flash
甩劍刺:thrown hit [thrust]
叉刺:forking thrust
及時刺:time thrust
格檔:parry; deflect; divert
格檔防守:blocking parry; parry of detachment
輕擦格檔:graze; froissement; glance off; glisser
角度刺:angled [angular] thrust
點刺前臂:dig
弓箭步刺:lunge
半弓箭步刺:half distance
原地弓步刺:rear lunge
向前移步刺:advance lunge; march attack
劈:cut
及時劈:time cut
直接劈:direct cut
一般反攻劈:stop cut
複雜還擊劈:compound riposte with cut
平劈:flat cut; plaque
劃圓劈:circular cut; (cut) moulinet
劈頭:head cut
由外側劈頭:outside cut at the head
劈手臂:arm cut
劈腰:flank cut
劍刃劈:edge cut
劍背劈:back-edge cut

5.防守術語

防守動作:defensive action
直接防守:direct parry
簡單防守:simple parry
複雜防守:compound parry
反防守:counter-parry; parry of detachment
向前防守:guard forward
後退防守:guard backward
後退拉開距離的防守:ceding parry
擊打防守:beat [slinging; tap〕parry
假防守:feint parry
劃圓〔圓周〕防守:circular [counter] parry; counter
劃半圓防守:semi-circular parry; half counter-parry
劃圓纏繞〔阻撓〕:envelopment
對角線半圓防守:half-circle
同側的半圓防守:half-counter
假進攻接防守:contretemps
變換防守:change parry
對抗防守:opposing [contraction; holding] parry
不充分的防守:insufficient parry
撥開劍身:deviamento
閃躲:dodge; avoid; evade; displace
轉身閃躲:volt(e)
向旁閃躲:sidestep
向後弓步閃躲:echappement

6.姿勢與部位

防守〔預備;實戰〕姿勢:on-guard [parry] position; en garde
回到預備姿勢:recovery
攻擊姿勢:attack position
低姿勢:low guard
高姿勢:high guard
高手姿勢:classic position
開始姿勢:central [starting;initial] position
第一姿勢:first; prime
第一姿勢防守:first parry
第二姿勢:second; seconde
第二姿勢防守:second parry
第三姿勢:third; tierce
第三姿勢防守:third parry
第四姿勢:fourth; quarte
第四姿勢防守:fourth parry
第五姿勢:fifth; quinte
第五姿勢防守:fifth parry
第六姿勢:sixth; sixte
第六姿勢防守:sixth parry
第七姿勢;半圓:seventh; septime; semi-circle; mezzocerchio
第七姿勢防守:seventh parry
第八姿勢:eighth; octave
第八姿勢防守:eighth parry
上線(部位):high lines
下線(部位):low lines
外側部位:outside lines
外上部位:high-outside
外下部位:low-outside
內側部位:inside lines
內上部位:high-inside
內下部位:low-inside

7.還擊

反攻:counter-attack
一般反攻:stop hit
側身反攻:inquartata
變換交叉反攻:change stop hit
還擊:riposte;return
反還擊:counter-riposte[-return];counter tempo
直接還擊:direct riposte
間接還擊:indirect riposte
簡單還擊:simple riposte
複雜還擊:compound riposte
簡單直接還擊:simple direct riposte
簡單間接還擊:simple indirect riposte
交叉還擊:riposte with a coupe
防守後變換交叉還擊:flying parry
及時還擊:immediate riposte
迅速還擊:flying riposte
轉移還擊:croise
劃圓轉移還擊:riposte with a double
上下線轉移還擊:riposte by disengagement
兩次變線轉移還擊:riposte with a one-two。

8.步法

步法:footwork; step
向前一步:step forward
向後一步:step backward
向前躍步:jump forward
向後躍步:jump backward
交叉步:cross feet
向前交叉步:passado
跨步:stride
滑步:sliding
側[橫]步: sidestep
弓步:plunge; gain
後撤弓步:backward lunge
弓步還原:recover
兩腳間的距離:foot spacing [spread]
跟上〔進〕:catch up
後退:draw back; retreat; retire; give ground

9.劍

劍:sword
鈍(花)劍:foil
銳(重)劍:epee
軍刀(佩劍):saber
器械;武器(三種劍的統稱):weapon
劍身:blade
易彎的;富有彈性的:whippy
劍身強部:forte
劍身弱部:foible
劍身中部:middle
劍身末端:tang
劍刃:edge of the blade
劍尖:point; tip
劍背:back edge; flat of the blade
劍槽:groove
劍頭:button; pointe d’arret
電動劍頭:electric pointe d’arret
劍柄:handle; hilt; grip
鬆緊帶(將意式劍柄固定在手上的帶子):strap; martingale
護手盤:hand [bell] guard;coquille
劍鞘:scabbard; sheath

10.場地

擊劍館:fencing hall
比賽場地:field of play
擊劍場:piste; fencing strip [terrain]; planche; board
金屬場地:metallic piste
邊線:boundary
端線:end line; rear limit
延伸部分:extension;runback
警告區:warning area
開始線:guard line
中線:middle line
紅燈:red lamp
綠燈:green lamp
白燈:white lamp
重復信號燈:repeater lights
裁判器:judging apparatus
電動裁判器:electric judging apparatus
導線:cable;cord;wire
拖線盤:spool;drum
擊劍靶;人形靶:dummy

11.服飾

擊劍服:fencing clothes;suit
擊劍上衣:fencing jacket
金屬衣〔背心〕:metallic vest [plastron]
擊劍褲:fencing breeches
面罩:face guard; (wire-mesh)mask
護頸:neck flap [guard]; bib; bavette
護臂:bracer
護胸:chest protector; plastron
護腕:cuff
護腿:cuissard
防護手套:gauntlet

12.裁判手勢及術語